Abstract
Commonly mollusks are filter feeding in habits so while feeding from the mud the unwanted chemicals and metals are accumulate in the organs like gills, foot and mantle. These edible bivalves can better be used for biomonitoring in case of the food safety at regularly used by the local fisherman community. So it is very important necessity to study about edible mollusks and with the aim of the present study is carried. Assessment of heavy metal such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn accumulation of seven different body parts viz, Foot, Mantle, Gonad, Adductor muscle, Byssal thread, Gills and shell from two different edible bivalve species of Perna viridis and Modiolus metcalfei were carried briefly. Among all the metals, Zn was higher and Cd was lower concentration were observed from two different bivalve and their values varied with respect to different body parts. The accumulation of these five heavy metals ranged as Cd (0.022-0.091 μg/g), Cr (0.147-0.447 μg/g) Cu (0.126-0.356 μg/g), Pb (0.145-1.57 μg/g) and Zn (0.964–8.607 μg/g) for P.viridis and M. metcalfei ranged as Cd (0.013-0.095 μg/g), Cr (0.092-0.495 μg/g) Cu (0.063-0.367 μg/g), Pb (0.528-1.263 μg/g) and Zn (2.172-11.113 μg/g). Cluster analysis (Bray-Curtis Similarity) was used for making the similarity percentage between different body parts of edible bivalves and comparison also done with sediment metal concentration. In general, all heavy metals are less than the permissible level according to WHO/EPA except Cr and Pb from both bivalves.
Highlights
Heavy metals are persistent pollutants in aquatic ecosystems
Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined in sediment and dry weight of different body parts (Foot, Mantle, Gonad, Adductor Mussel, Shell, Byssal Thread and Gills) of two edible bivalves (M. metcalfei and P. viridis )
In M. metcalfei, the concentration of Cd ranged from 0.013 ± 0.0011 (BT-Byssal Thread) to 0.095 ± 0.0012 (FT-Foot) μg/g, and Cr 0.092 ± 0.0011 (SL-Shell) to 0.495 ± 0.002 (BT-Byssal Thread) μg/g, and Cu 0.063 ± 0.0011 (BT-Byssal Thread) to 0.367 ± 0.0043 (FTFoot) μg/g, and Pb 0.164 ± 0.002 (BT- Byssal Thread) to 1.263 ± 0.002 (GL-Gill) μg/g, and Zn 2.172 ± 0.0011 (BT-Byssal Thread) to 11.113 ± 0.023 (AR-Aductor) μg/g (Table 1)
Summary
Heavy metals are persistent pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The trace metal occurs in all compartments of the marine environment and has a tendency to accumulate in organisms from different tropic levels of marine food webs. Once trace metals enter the food chain, they may accumulate to dangerous levels and be harmful to human health [3]. Marine molluscs such as oysters, mussels, cockle and clams have been widely employed as biomonitors for heavy metals pollution due to their ability to accumulate metals without harming themselves. Bivalve molluscs have been considered as a potential biomonitor for metallic contamination in marine ecosystems [4] They are sedentary and sessile filter-feeders, having a wide geographical distribution. Because of their abundance in coastal water and their ability to accumulate several classes of pollutants, they have been chosen as a suitable organism for mussel watch monitoring programs [5]. Mussels can accumulate Cd in their tissues at levels up to 100,000 times higher than the level observed in the water in which they live [7]
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