Heavy metal bioaccumulation by mushrooms from artificially fortified soils

Abstract

Six different species of wild mushrooms growing in the east Black Sea region were analyzed spectrometrically for their trace element (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, and Zn) levels. In the mushrooms supplied from the East Black Sea region, the highest Pb level was 6.88±2.85 mg/kg for the species Hypholoma fasciculare, which was collected near the vicinity of the road. The highest Hg level was 0.58±0.16 mg/kg for the species of Amanite vaginate, whereas the lowest Hg level was 0.06±0.02 mg/kg in Russula foetens. The highest Pb content was 6.68±2.85 mg/kg in the species of Hypholoma fasciculare. The lowest Pb level was 0.92±0.27 mg/kg in the species of Amanita rubescens. The highest Cd level was 3.16±0.72 mg/kg for Russula cyanoxantha. Among the wild mushrooms, the lowest Cd level was 1.08±0.16 mg/kg, for the species A. rubescens. The highest Cu and Mn levels were 92.5±14.1 and 56.2±12.4 mg/kg, respectively, for species of Amanita muscaria. The highest Zn level (176±31.6 mg/kg) was determined for the species Amanita vaginate. The metal bioaccumulation levels of six mushrooms were studied. The Hg level of A. vaginate samples increases sharply with increasing Hg concentration in the fortified soil samples. The highest Hg level was 3.16 mg/kg for Amanita vaginate, whereas the lowest Hg level was 0.95 mg/kg in R. foetens. The Cd level also increased with increasing Cd concentration in the soil samples, but the increase was less distinct than that of the Pb level. However, the Pb levels in mushrooms do not change significantly, despite increasing Pb level in the fortified soil. The highest concentration of Pb found was 9.14 mg/kg in H. fasciculare samples.