Heavy Metal Accumulation in Oxyloma hirasei from the Upo Wetland

Abstract

Human activities have enhanced the influx of heavy metals to aquatic ecosystem and hanged the abiotic environment such as the sediments supporting benthic organisms. The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the benthic gastropod Oxyloma hirasei and the sediments around their habitat were investigated to examine heavy metal levels and the potential of the gastropod as a bioindicator. We detected different levels of heavy metals in the sediments of two wetland areas, Upo and Mokpo, in the relatively well-conserved Upo wetland, Ramsar Convention Area. Oxyloma hirasei had higher concentrations of heavy metals except Cr and Ni in their soft tissues than in their shells (Cd: <TEX>$2.10{\sim}3.16$</TEX>, Cu: <TEX>$19.73{\sim}28.66$</TEX>, Pb: <TEX>$0.67{\sim}1.17$</TEX>, Zn: <TEX>$216.1{\sim}285.7\;{\mu}g/g$</TEX> dry weight in the soft tissues; Cr: <TEX>$1.19{\sim}2.58$</TEX>, Ni: <TEX>$0.47{\sim}1.16\;{\mu}g/g$</TEX> dry weight in the shells). Differences in the Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations in O. hirasei soft tissues reflected differences in heavy metal concentrations in the sediments at the sampling sites. The coefficients of variation for Cd, Cu and Pb were lower than those for other metals in the soft tissues. Levels of Cd in the tissues of O. hirasei were the highest among the metals examined in this study. Therefore, the soft tissue of O. hirasei appears to be a promising bioindicator particularly for Cd.