Heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescence: who to investigate and how to manage it

Abstract

Key content Adolescent heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is commonly related to hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis immaturity, which improves with age. This article outlines when and how to investigate for underlying pathological causes. Medical treatment for adolescent HMB consists predominantly of hormonal contraceptives. Preparation choice depends upon patient preference, comorbidities and co‐existing conditions. Acute adolescent HMB is rare; a suggested framework for assessing and managing such cases is provided within this article. Learning objectives To understand how to clinically evaluate adolescent HMB. To understand when and how to investigate adolescent HMB. To understand the different medical treatment options for HMB, their efficacy, risks and alternatives. To understand the management of acute adolescent HMB. Ethical issues Duties of confidentiality must be balanced against safeguarding concerns.