Abstract
The Jazmin crude oil is located at the heart of Middle Magdalena in Colombia. It is heavy and sour crude oil with 43 wt.% of vacuum bottoms. It cannot be processed at the conventional refinery without being mixed with other lighter crudes, and should be upgraded to produce synthetic crude with higher concentration of distillates and lower acidity and carbon content. In this paper eight upgrading alternatives are presented. The alternatives include the processing of the crude, reduced crude and vacuum bottoms of the Jazmin crude oil using the following technologies: Distillation, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, Delayed Coking, and Hydrotreating. The experiments were conducted at pilot scale, and there were used standard analysis techniques such as ASTM. In this study it was found that Jazmine crude oil and its heavy components produce high distillate yields when they were processed with thermal conversion processes. In addition those processes reduce the products acidity. Within the analyzed scheme the one corresponding to the visbreaking of the crude oil and the Delayed Coking of the vacuum bottoms from the visbreaking is perhaps the most attractive, giving 5.9 wt.% of gas, 78.2 wt.% of distillates and 15.9 wt.% of coke.
Highlights
The depletion in reserves of light and medium crude oils has focused interest in heavy oils [1,2]
The alternatives include the processing of the crude, reduced crude and vacuum bottoms of the Jazmin crude oil using the following technologies: Distillation, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, Delayed Coking, and Hydrotreating
The crude Jazmín is subjected to the visbreaking process, and the visbreaked vacuum bottoms corresponding to 29.4 wt.% of the crude oil are subjected to Delayed Coking (DC)
Summary
The depletion in reserves of light and medium crude oils has focused interest in heavy oils [1,2]. They are considered as heavy crude oils These crude oils do not have high concentrations of coke promoters, so they are sometimes mixed with a pool of crudes suitable for submission to a conventional refining process. In the group of carbon reject technologies, delayed coking and fluid-bed coking continue to be the major process route for producing distillates from vacuum bottoms [13]. Visbreaking (VBR) is probably the lowest cost conversion technology It is a thermal cracking process at low temperatures to reduce the viscosity of the feedstock and produces gases, naphtha and fuel oil and in some cases gas oils which can be used as feedstock for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC). The effort to improve these processes continues as it is shown in the works of Bjoror O. for the precipitation of asphaltenes from Athabasca bitumen using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene [17]
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