Heat Treatment of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 by Inserting Nano Nd2FeB14 in HIP Manifolds Under the Scope of Category Theory

Mohamed Atef Mohamed Gebril

doi:10.5539/jmsr.v6n1p1

Abstract

In this paper, improving mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel by spinodal reaction inhibitors has been discussed. Spinodal gaps can be minimized when the host particles are minimized to the nanoscale. The Cahn-Hilliard Equation and the Allen-Cahn Equation on Manifolds with Conical Singularities can be related to manifolds produced by hot isostatic pressing (PM HIP) are used to improve mechanical strength. Spinodal reactions will be Inhibited by magnetic treatment and Nd-Fe-B Magnets. Grain refiners will be used to retard spinodal reactions. Mathematically, category theory is used to establish links between these different concepts.

Highlights

Duplex stainless steels are called “duplex” because they have a two-phase microstructure consisting of grains of ferritic and austeniticstainlesssteel.Duplexstainlesssteelshavebeenincreasinglyusedfor a variety of applications in marine construction, chemical industries and power plants due to their excellent combinational of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance The superior properties of duplex stainless steels come primarily from approximately equivalent amounts of austenite (γ) and δ
By inserting Nd2FeB14 magnetic thin films in the HIP manifolds of duplex stainless steel, there will be enhancing in the mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel 2205 and the the impact energy will be raised to high levels
Impact energy will be enhanced as the spinodal reaction will be hindered

Summary

Introduction

Duplex stainless steels are called “duplex” because they have a two-phase microstructure consisting of grains of ferritic and austeniticstainlesssteel.Duplexstainlesssteelshavebeenincreasinglyusedfor a variety of applications in marine construction, chemical industries and power plants due to their excellent combinational of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance The superior properties of duplex stainless steels come primarily from approximately equivalent amounts of austenite (γ) and δ. It is well known that in Fe–Cralloys, there is a miscibility gap, where the ferrite phase may decompose into an iron-rich BCC phase(α)and a chromium-enriched BCC phase (α’) by spinodal decomposition the effect of isothermal treatment temperatures ranging between (400and500C) on the embrittlement of a2205duplex stainless steel (with 45% ferrite-55% austenite, vol.%) has been investigated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy has revealed that anisotropic spinodal decomposition occurred in the steels during aging at 475C;theδ-ferrite decomposed into a nanometer-scaled modulated structure with a complex interconnected network, which contained a Fe-rich BCC phase(α)and Cr-enriched BCC phase (α’).It is deduced that the locking of dislocations in the modulated structure leads to the severe embrittlement. We can reduce these spinodal reactions by grain refiners as they will be used to modify gibbs free energy for the total systems. By applying magnetic field and making magnetic bubbles, we can use their properties to control in the thermal charachteristics of the entire system (Alvarez-Armas & Degallaix-Moreuil, 2009; Adams, Olubambi, Potgieter, & Van Der Merwe, 2010; Kangas & Newman, 1998)

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Conclusion