Abstract
Abstract Numerical approximations to heat transfer rates for steady-state laminar free convection in rectangular cavities for Rayleigh numbers up to 107, angle of inclination varying up to ±90° with respect to the vertical direction, and aspect ratios 1, 5, and 10 are reported. These have been obtained with a penalty function finite-element algorithm using primitive fluid variables. The thermal structure and velocity fields of the flow are also presented for some of the most representative cases.
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