Heat transfer mechanism in ternary nanofluid between parallel plates channel using modified Hamilton-Crossers model and thermal radiation effects

Abstract

Heat transfer in ternary nanofluids has promising applications particularly in heat exchangers containing parallel pates, chemical and applied thermal engineering. Therefore, the study is conducted for thermal enhancement between two parallel plates using ternary nanofluid. The new insights of thermal radiations and modified Hamilton-Crossers thermal conductivity incorporated in the model. The final model containing the nonlinearities and thermal radiation effects achieved from the physical flow configuration of ternary nanofluid. Further, mathematical analysis of the model performed through Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) and analyzed the influence of potential physical parameters in thermal enhancement, skin friction and local Nusselt number. The results revealed that the velocity increases due to the fluid injection (A1=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7) for towards (Sq<0) and away (Sq>0) movement of the plates. The temperature of ternary nanofluid enhanced significantly under thermal radiation with parametric ranges from 0.1 to 1.5. The maximum Nusselt number values observed as 5.09128 and 4.76039 at the upper plate for A1=1.1 and Ω=11, respectively. Moreover, thermophysical characteristics of ternary nanofluid are dominant over the nano and hybrid nanofluids for nanoparticles concentration ranging from 1% to 6% for ζ1 while keeping ζ2 and ζ3 as 2%.