Abstract
SYNOPSIS There exists a wide range of heat transfer fluids for use in solar collectors. A large proportion of these are liquids when used at temperatures less than 300°C. They consist of mineral and synthetic heat transfer oils which have near atmospheric vapour pressures when operated at 300°C, unlike water/steam which has a vapour pressure of approximately 90 atmospheres. The thermal and transport properties of these oils are inferior to those of water and as a result higher pumping costs may occur. Fortunately the oils are classed as non-toxic and are, in general, readily available. This paper discusses the use of liquids suitable for operation at elevated temperatures and also those which provide freeze protection. The liquids examined are mineral oils, synthetic oils, water and water/glycol mixtures.
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