Heat transfer in tetra-nanofluid between converging/diverging channel under the influence of thermal radiations by using Galerkin finite element method

Abstract

Heat transfer investigation is one of the potential areas of research in the modern technological world and nanofluids are key ingredients in this regard. Therefore, the study of tetra nanofluid along with similarity transforms under the innovative effects of thermal radiations and dissipation function inside converging/diverging channel is reported and the results furnished via Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). It is concluded that tetra nanofluid has high-temperature capability than ternary nanofluids due to their superior thermal conductivity by varying % volume concentration. Further, comparative impacts of thermophysical models under different volume concentrations reported and observed that tetra nanofluids have high thermal conductivity which makes them superior over conventional nanofluids. Moreover, replication of the study is reported with existing work and revealed that the proposed models are correct and can be used to investigate heat transfer mechanism in various nanofluids under tetra nanoparticles effects.