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Abstract
Heat transfer in tubes is influenced by surface roughness. The available literature gives no general equation which describes this influence numerically. In the present work a Nusselt equation is introduced which agrees well with data cited in the range of Prandtl numbers between 0.5 and 3. To obtain the equation, a modified Prandtl number is used in Gnielinski's equation. This Prandtl number represents an extension of the molecular Prandtl number which includes the ratio of the friction factors between smooth and rough surfaces. At higher Prandtl numbers (Pr > 3), significant differences between the equation and the available data occur.
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