Abstract
The application of hybrid nanoparticles with the purpose of enhancing thermal processes is an important technology that could have ramifications for a wide range of interventions used in a variety of industries. In this research paper, the impact of a ternary hybrid type nanofluid on heat energy transfer and free convection flow in a square closed space is explored using numerical simulations with different wall conditions. The wall at the bottom side of the closed space is heated uniformly, the vertical wall at the left side is linearly heated or uniformly heated, and the vertical wall at the right side is either linearly heated or cooled, while the wall at the top is thermally insulated. The equations controlling the flow and heat energy transfer are resolved using the finite element method with quads and triangles as elements. With varying values of nanoparticle volume percentage and Rayleigh number, numerical results for the mean Nusselt numbers of various fluids are analysed in detail, along with the profiles of streamlines and isotherms.
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