Abstract
The present numerical work, based on the finite volume method, deals with the characterization of natural convective flow and thermal fields inside differentially vertical heated square cavities filled with a nanofluid as well as the quantification of the convective exchanges. The investigation is devoted to study the influence of the hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu / water) on the flow’s general structure with a particular attention to the Nusselt number. An exhaustive parametric study is conducted considering different combinations of Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in water for a range of Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and total volume fractions An appropriate agreement with experimental data was observed for the estimation of the hybrid nanofluid thermal conductivity. From the results, it is observed that the heat transfer intensifies by increasing the Ra number and the nanoparticles volume fraction. The hybrid nanofluid seems to be the most efficient nanofluid in comparison with a base fluid and a single nanofluid. This heat transfer enhancement becomes more convincing with the increase of the Cu NPs content (% in volume).
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