Abstract
Massive improvements in the thermophysical properties of nanofluids over conventional fluids have led to the rapid evolution of using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the field of heat transfer. In this study, the heat transfer and entropy generation abilities of MWCNTs/GNPs hybrid nanofluids were explored. Experiments on forced convective flow through a brass microtube with 300 µm inner diameter and 0.27 m in length were performed under uniform heat flux. MWCNTs/GNPs hybrid nanofluids were developed by adding 0.035 wt.% GNPs to MWCNTs water-based nanofluids with mass fractions of 0.075–0.125 wt.%. The range of the Reynolds number in this experiment was maintained at Re = 200–500. Results showed that the conventional approach for predicting the heat transfer coefficient was applicable for microtubes. The heat transfer coefficient increased markedly with the use of MWCNTs and MWCNTs/GNPs nanofluids, with increased pressure dropping by 12.4%. Results further showed a reduction by 37.5% in the total entropy generation rate in microtubes for hybrid nanofluids. Overall, MWCNTs/GNPs hybrid nanofluids can be used as alternative fluids in cooling systems for thermal applications.
Highlights
Researchers have revealed that nanofluids, instead of conventional fluids, have been the new coolants for recent heat transfer applications
This phenomenon led to the use of microtubes because of their high heat fluxes with lower exergy destruction, and increased ratio of exposed surface area to heat per size [6,7,8,9]
Commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were purchased from USAINS Infotech Sdn
Summary
Researchers have revealed that nanofluids, instead of conventional fluids, have been the new coolants for recent heat transfer applications. Hybrid nanofluids have shown further improvement in thermophysical properties and characteristics because of the synergy of two or more kinds of nanoparticle materials. This finding has motivated researchers to prepare novel hybrid nanofluids physically—by dispersing different. Advanced technology in recent industrial applications emits high heat flux, which causes destruction that will lead to irreversibility and lower efficiency. This phenomenon led to the use of microtubes because of their high heat fluxes with lower exergy destruction, and increased ratio of exposed surface area to heat per size [6,7,8,9]
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