Heat transfer analysis in Darcy Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid for multiple shape effects over a curved stretching surface

Abstract

Nanoparticles and their shapes have practical implications in engineering and industrial processes. For this purpose, we will present a comprehensive study of nanoparticles shape effects on the flow over a curved stretch surface. The Runge Kutta (RK) method is used to numerically solve the non-linear differential equations resulting from the transformation of the flux process equations. First, the equations are transformed into a collection of first-order problems using the shooting method; next, the RK method is applied to solve them. Graphical analysis is carried out to study the implications in flow and heat transfer. Further, changes in skin friction coefficient and local heat transfer rate are graphically displayed and comprehensive discussions on the results are provided.