Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements-A Review.

Rodica Diana Criste,Mihaela Saracila,Camelia Puia Papuc,Tatiana Dumitra Panaite

doi:10.3390/antiox10050686

Abstract

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, and (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.

Highlights

Heat is a real challenge in the poultry sector and a rising issue for many researchers on global warming and food safety
Mitochondria are normally protected from oxidative damage by a mitochondrial antioxidant system [53], which consist of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) along with a number of micromolecular antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), ubiquinol (QH2) and vitamin E [54,55]
Heat is a real challenge in the poultry sector as it is inducing oxidative stress, associated with cellular oxidative damage and the inflammatory response

Summary

Introduction

Heat is a real challenge in the poultry sector and a rising issue for many researchers on global warming and food safety. The scientific literature is abundant in evidence proving that HS affects performance [7,8,9], biochemical parameters [10,11] gut microbiota [12,13,14], immune response [15,16], and carcass quality and safety [17,18] of broiler chickens It was predicted considerable economic losses in several agricultural industries due to heat stress if urgent measures are not required [19]. A promising alternative method is the supplementation with plants (phytoadditives) containing bioactive compounds that reduce the negative impact of HS In this context, a nutritional solution is proposed; it includes a plant widely spread around the world, but which has not been given attention as a possible feed additive in the diet of heat-stressed broilers. The review attempts to highlight both the properties of willow bark given by the bioactive compounds contained and its applications in the nutrition of broilers exposed to a stress factor, namely, heat stress

Heat Stress and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens

Reactive Species Involved in Oxidative Stress

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Inflammatory Response

Method

Polyphenols as RS Scavengers and ROS-Enzymes Synthesis Modulators

Polyphenols as Modulator of the Gut Microbial Balance

Salicin and Salicin Derivatives

Biological Effects of Salix Species Extracts in Different Experimental Models

Effects of Different Forms of Inclusion of Salix Species in the Diet of

Findings

Conclusions