Abstract
Heat shock proteins 90 kDa (Hsp90s) were originally identified as stress-responsive proteins and described to participate in several homeostatic processes. Additionally, extracellular Hsp90s have the ability to bind to surface receptors and activate cellular functions related to immune response (cytokine secretion, cell maturation, and antigen presentation), making them very attractive to be studied as immunomodulators. In this context, Hsp90s are proposed as new adjuvants in the design of novel vaccine formulations that require the induction of a cell-mediated immune response to prevent infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the adjuvant properties of Hsp90s when they are either alone, complexed, or fused to a peptide to add light to the knowledge of Hsp90s as carriers and adjuvants in the design of vaccines against infectious diseases. Besides, we also discuss the mechanisms by which Hsp90s activate and modulate professional antigen-presenting cells.
Highlights
The heat shock proteins of 90 kDa (Hsp90) constitute a highly conserved protein family that is present in all living organisms (Picard, 2002; Srivastava, 2002)
This review presents a comprehensive revision of the adjuvant properties of Hsp90s and their potential application in the adjuvant design of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases
The results showed that rNbHsp90.3 fused to maltosebinding protein (MBP) generated a long-lasting humoral immune response with a predominance of IgG2a isotype in i.p. immunized BALB/c mice
Summary
The heat shock proteins of 90 kDa (Hsp90) constitute a highly conserved protein family that is present in all living organisms (Picard, 2002; Srivastava, 2002). Different strategies, including fusion protein, peptide/Hsp complex, and a mixture of peptides + Hsp, were employed to evaluate the adjuvant properties of Hsp90s, and they were assayed as both DNA vaccines and recombinant protein vaccines in different animal models The most commonly used strategy in the vaccine design based on Hsp or gp as adjuvants consist of covalent linkage or binding complexes between the antigenic peptides and these chaperones These strategies are useful, simple, versatile, and feasible of implementation, and it has been demonstrated that they elicit an appropriate immune response against intracellular pathogens, which is more efficient than the administration of the mixture of Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | www.frontiersin.org
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
