Abstract
AbsractIn traditional district heating (DH) system heat is generated from fossil fuel (FF) combustion in heating only boilers (HOB) or in combined heat and power (CHP) plants. It results in greenhouse gases and other pollutants emission. The reduction of emission is one of the main target in EU climate policy. Among the alternative technologies in DH heat pumps (HP) play a crucial role and enable to decrease or even eliminate emission to create a low or zero emission (LZE) DH system. The emission reduction effect of integration the large scale HP units into DH systems can by defined by four groups of factors: the share of HP in the heat demand, the heat source for HP, the driving energy for HP and heat sink for HP. This paper illustrates the main options for large scale HP units application for LZE DH based on HP technology.
Highlights
District heating (DH) is an important option to supply the heat to the numerous consumers, especially in urban areas with high heat demand density
In traditional DH heat generation is based on the fossil fuels (FF) combustion, which results in greenhouse gases and other pollutants emission
The heat pumps (HP) unit consumes the grid electricity generated in FF combined heat and power (CHP) plant as a driving gear, so the distribution losses are included in total emission
Summary
District heating (DH) is an important option to supply the heat to the numerous consumers, especially in urban areas with high heat demand density. This article focuses on large scale electrically driven HP units, as a widely used technology in both the new and the existing DH systems across EU This kind of HP units can be fitted into DH network as a part of central source or plant, or as a locally placed HP unit cooperating with central heat source. The large scale HP units can use the RES (e.g. ambient air, water or ground), waste (e.g. industrial), DH lines or other low-grade heat as a heat source; and the local or FF, CHP or RES grid electricity as a driving energy. It is clear that the large share of HP, high COP and SPF, and low-carbon heat and electricity sources for large scale HP are preferred to create the LZE DH
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