Abstract
Strategies to cope with the economic, security and environmental implications of growing energy use must include the development of renewable energy resources, and the improvement of end-use energy efficiency. Heat pumps have a role in both. They effectively utilize renewable thermal energy resources, such as natural or waste heat, and they allow a high efficiency in the provision of a number of key energy-consuming services. These include space heating and cooling, water heating, and industrial process heating. This article first of all discusses heat pumping technology in general. It highlights the fundamental features of heat pumping compared to heating alternatives, and homes in on the two most commonly applied techniques: compression and absorption. Subsequently, the applicability of heat pumps in buildings and industries is addressed. The current use of heat pumps is illustrated in an appendix, with application examples from a cross-section of countries. The article closes with a heat pump market analysis, reviewing the heat pump market size and significance, and highlighting some of the major factors affecting market development.
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