Abstract
Thermal management of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in Electrical Vehicles (EVs) is important due to extreme heat generation during fast charging/discharging. In the current study, a sandwiched configuration of the heat pipes cooling system (SHCS) is suggested for the high current discharging of lithium-titanate (LTO) battery cell. The temperature of the LTO cell is experimentally evaluated in the 8C discharging rate by different cooling strategies. Results indicate that the maximum cell temperature in natural convection reaches 56.8 °C. In addition, maximum cell temperature embedded with SCHS for the cooling strategy using natural convection, forced convection for SHCS, and forced convection for cell and SHCS reach 49 °C, 38.8 °C, and 37.8 °C which can reduce the cell temperature by up to 13.7%, 31.6%, and 33.4% respectively. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model using COMSOL Multiphysics® is developed and comprehensively validated with experimental results. This model is then employed to investigate the thermal performance of the SHCS under different transient boundary conditions.
Highlights
Nowadays, the transportation industry concentrates on clean energy vehicles due to climate change and environmental pollution
Maximum cell temperature embedded with SCHS for the cooling strategy using natural convection, forced convection for SHCS, and forced convection for cell and SHCS reach 49 ◦C, 38.8 ◦C, and 37.8 ◦C which can reduce the cell temperature by up to 13.7%, 31.6%, and 33.4% respectively
The maximum temperature of the cell embedded with SHCS through natural convection takes 7000 s to decrease to 22 °C which shows about a 30% reduction in total time compares with cell in natural convection cooling
Summary
The transportation industry concentrates on clean energy vehicles due to climate change and environmental pollution. Ye et al [52] experimentally designed a micro heat pipe arrays for the charging/discharging cycle They found that the proposed cooling system could operate well and decrease the temperature and temperature difference effectively. According to the type of applied load profile, the location of maximum and average temperature can be different on the surface of the cell [61] This temperature inhomogeneity makes more challenging TMS for the battery cell in order to maintain a uniform temperature inside the battery module/pack during charging/ discharging. The testing results prove that the air cooling system combined heat pipes is an effective TMS to control the temperature variation of Li-ion battery cell with the lowest energy consumption and to improve the performance of the entire battery system.
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