Heat Generation/Absorption Effects in a Boundary Layer Stretched Flow of Maxwell Nanofluid: Analytic and Numeric Solutions.

Muhammad Awais,Ahmed Alsaedi,Tasawar Hayat,Sania Irum,Enrico Scalas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129814

Muhammad Awais, Ahmed Alsaedi + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129814

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Abstract

Analysis has been done to investigate the heat generation/absorption effects in a steady flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid over a surface which is stretching linearly in its own plane. An upper convected Maxwell model (UCM) has been utilized as the non-Newtonian fluid model in view of the fact that it can predict relaxation time phenomenon which the Newtonian model cannot. Behavior of the relaxations phenomenon has been presented in terms of Deborah number. Transport phenomenon with convective cooling process has been analyzed. Brownian motion “Db” and thermophoresis effects “Dt” occur in the transport equations. The momentum, energy and nanoparticle concentration profiles are examined with respect to the involved rheological parameters namely the Deborah number, source/sink parameter, the Brownian motion parameters, thermophoresis parameter and Biot number. Both numerical and analytic solutions are presented and found in nice agreement. Comparison with the published data is also made to ensure the validity. Stream lines for Maxwell and Newtonian fluid models are presented in the analysis.

Highlights

Growing industrial and technical applications enhanced the attention of researchers to analyze the rheology of non-Newtonian fluid models
The material behaves like fluids for smaller Deborah number whereas for large value of Deborah number the material behaves like viscoelastic solids
It is noted from these plots that the temperature of the fluid increases with an increase in heat source whereas it decreases with an increase in heat sink parameter

Summary

Introduction

Growing industrial and technical applications enhanced the attention of researchers to analyze the rheology of non-Newtonian fluid models. For example the non-Newtonian fluid can be used as a coolant (tremendously reduces the pumping power), in flexible military suits for soldiers (fluid remain in liquid state while soldier moves or runs but instantly go into solid state when bullet hits), shoe manufacturing (in which shoes would be filled with a non-Newtonian fluid supports the feet and prevent injuries), purification of molten metal from non-metallic inclusion, metal extrusion and metal spinning, in manufacturing lubricants for vehicles, food and medicine industries etc. Various theoretical attempts to discuss the non-Newtonian behavior witness that the constitutive equations of non-Newtonian fluids are much more complicated and highly nonlinear as compared to those of Newtonian fluids. Scientist and researchers have presented several non-Newtonian fluid models to describe the non-Newtonian behavior.

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