Abstract
Heat current generated by electronic transport through a quantum dot (QD) coupled to both a phonon bath and a Majorana nanowire hosting Majorana bound states (MBSs) is theoretically studied in the framework of non-equilibrium Green’s function technique. The calculated numerical results show that electrical current can be either enhanced or suppressed by the combined influences of the phonon bath and the MBSs at certain bias voltage regimes. The enhancement and suppression of the current’s magnitude for a fixed bias voltage will be reversed due to the direct hybridization between the MBSs. The simultaneous coupling between both MBSs will amplify the function of the MBSs on the current, with the same unchanged and essential qualitative impacts. Heat generation by the electrical current can be fully adjusted by the dot–MBS coupling, direct hybridization between the MBSs, and positions of the dot level. By properly choosing the above parameters, heat generation can be suppressed even for increased electrical current, which is favorable in removing waste heat generated by electrical current flowing through low-dimensional circuits.
Highlights
With continuing decreased size and increased density of electronic devices integrated in circuits, the issue of heat generation by electrical current becomes progressively vital
In view of the similarities between phonons and Majorana bound states (MBSs), here we study electrical current and heat exchanged between electrons passing through a quantum dot (QD) and a phonon bath interacting with the QD under the influence of a Majorana nanowire hosting MBSs
When the dot is decoupled from the Majorana ~λL ~λR 0, the electrical current in Figure 2A increases with the increasing bias voltage and shows several small steps due to the phonon-assisted transport processes [7, 30,31,32,33]
Summary
With continuing decreased size and increased density of electronic devices integrated in circuits, the issue of heat generation by electrical current becomes progressively vital. Liu et al demonstrated that MBSs will absorb and emit photons and induce photonassisted side band in the conductance, which can split the MBSs and result in a novel non-zero MBS mode This provides a new detection means for the MBSs which are very different from the previously proposed ones [25]. The authors proved that the behaviors of the heat current in low-dimensional systems are quite different from Joule’s law valid in macroscopic structures This issue arouse many investigations [31,32,33], and it was found that phonon emission processes occur if the Coulomb repulsion equals the phonon energy and induces a high peak in heat generation at even a small electric current [32]. The electrical current can be enhanced with small heat generation, which is useful in energy-saving devices
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