Heat generation and solar radiation effects on Carreau nanofluid over a stretching sheet with variable thickness: Using coefficients improved by Cash and Carp

Abstract

Present work examines the effects of chemical reactive species and solar radiation on Carreau nanofluid induced by a stretching sheet with variable thickness. Heat generation effects are taken for exothermic reaction. In the boundary layer region, nanoparticles provides enhancement in the heat transfer phenomena. In the literature, most of the researchers used Runge Kutta Fehlberg method, but our main concentration here is to find the solution by improved form of Fehlberg method (Cash and Carp). The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are plotted for different governing parameter, namely, wall thickness parameter, magnetic parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Schmidt number and Prandtl number. It is found that the velocity profile increases by increasing Weissenberg numberWe, Hartmann number M and wall thickness parameter n. Moreover, temperature profile enhances by increasing heat generation parameter γ and radiative heat flux parameter R. The accuracy of the present method is checked with previously published work and excellent agreement is noticed.