Abstract
MHD Natural convection, which is one of the principal types of convective heat transfer in numerous research of heat exchangers and geothermal energy systems, as well as nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. This work focuses on the investigation of Natural convective heat transfer evaluation inside a porous triangular cavity filled with silver-magnesium oxide/water hybrid nanofluid [H2O/Ag-MgO]hnf under a consistent magnetic field. The laminar and incompressible nanofluid flow is taken to account while Darcy–Forchheimer model takes account of the advection inertia effect in the porous sheet. Controlled equations of the work have been approached nondimensional and resolved by Galerkin finite element technique. The numerical analyses were carried out by varying the Darcy, Hartmann, and Rayleigh numbers, porosity, and characteristics of solid volume fraction and flow fields. Further, the findings are reported in streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers. For this work, the parametric impact may be categorized into two groups. One of them has an effect on the structural factors such as triangular form and scale on the physical characteristics of the important outputs such as fluidity and thermal transfer rates. The significant findings are the parameters like Rayleigh and slightly supported by Hartmann along with Darcy number, minimally assists by solid-particle size and rotating factor as clockwise assists the cooler flow at the center and anticlockwise direction assists the warmer flow. Clear raise in heat transporting rate can be obtained for increasing solid-particle size.
Highlights
List of symbols Cp Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1) H, L Dimensionless of triangular cavity (m) p Pressure (Pa) T Temperature (K) U, V Dimensionless velocity components X, Y Dimensionless Cartesian coordinates Hartman number (Ha) Hartmann number Pr Prandtl number K Permeability B0 Intensity of magnetic field g Gravitational acceleration (m s−2) k Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1) P Dimensionless pressure u, v Velocity components (m s−1) x, y Dimensional Cartesian coordinates (m) Ra Rayleigh number Nu Nusselt number r Radius of cylinder Fc Forchheimer coefficient
Porous trigonal container embedded with the thin adiabatic fin were numerically exploited by Varol[24] for parametric variations of the flow field and thermal aspects of the container.Under the magnetic field influence, titled aperture subjected to Newtonian heating were explored by Pirmohammadi and G hassemi[25] with the steady laminar natural convection deduced the impact of tilting angle at higher Hartmann numbers suppresses the thermal transport across over it.Hasanuzzaman et al.[26] tried finite element discretization for testing the impact of the magnetic field on cavity chambers
Equal suspensions of MWCNTs and SiO2 nanoparticles in a binary mixture of EG–water have been used to produce the hybrid nanofluid.The results reveal that the velocity profile is lowered as the viscosity of the nanoparticle volume fraction increases
Summary
List of symbols Cp Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1) H, L Dimensionless of triangular cavity (m) p Pressure (Pa) T Temperature (K) U, V Dimensionless velocity components X, Y Dimensionless Cartesian coordinates Ha Hartmann number Pr Prandtl number K Permeability B0 Intensity of magnetic field g Gravitational acceleration (m s−2) k Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1) P Dimensionless pressure u, v Velocity components (m s−1) x, y Dimensional Cartesian coordinates (m) Ra Rayleigh number Nu Nusselt number r Radius of cylinder Fc Forchheimer coefficient. In an open chamber with a warmed spherical dented cylinder, Billah et al.[19] examined mixed convection Their results exposed the impact of the size of the cylinder imposed along with the ratio of heat conduction over the flowing range and thermal transport.In the study conducted by Javid et al.[20], the effect of a magnetic field on double-diffusive convection in complex biomimetic nanoliquid propulsion in a two-dimensional divergent channel is investigated. They found that by increasing the solutalGrashof parameter, the velocity profile of nanofluid diminishes. They observed that with increasing Ra and decreasing Ha, the isotherm distributions become more concentrated
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