Abstract
Heat flow values are shown in mW/m 2 on a mpa compiled using data from more than 1200 stations. The given area covers the European continental block as far as the Ural folding system, including the Caucasus, the Carpathian mountain system, the East European platform, the Scythian plate and foredeeps and also including such marginal seas as the Meditteranean, Black and Caspian seas, the Alpine lakes, a part of the Atlantic Ocean and Iceland. Heat flow values in the continental areas around the main hydrothermal manifestations of Larderello and Radicofani in Italy, Novoselovskaja in the Crimea, the Pannonian basin in Hungary, the Rhodopean Massif in Bulgaria are discussed. Besides the magmatic and tectonic processes, the hydrothermal systems also affect the parameters of the thermal field in the upper layers of the crust. A number of regional hydrothermal anomalies of high heat flow values on the Earth's surface e.g. Tuscany in Italy, the Pannonian Basin in Hungary, Rhodopean Massif in Bulgaria are related to convective processes of heat transfer.
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