Heat and Mass Transfer within Unsteady Nanofluid Movement in the Presence of Sustained Solar Radiation

Abstract

The unsteady movement of nanofluid on porous inclined media is essential for absorbing and transferring heat from solar radiation. From renewable energy sources, solar is limitless, sustainable and universally accessible without creating conflict. In this study, heat and mass transfer have been explored by unsteadily moving nanofluid with the occurrence of Sun rays and viscous dissipation. Tiwari-Das and Darcy-Forchheimer models are encompassed with convective heat transfer and mass suction/injection. Then, the non-linear higher-order set of ordinary differential equations was obtained from fundamental non-linear partial differential equations by using similarity transformation. Both semi-analytical and numerical strategies have been adopted. Comparisons with published articles have detected and observed similar outcomes. Accordingly, thermal Grashof number elevates nanofluid motion while postponing drag force creation. Permeability and Darcy’s number have publicized a contradictory trend in the nanofluid’s movement and temperature. Nanofluid’s temperature expands by incident solar radiation and Eckert number but not by absorption. There is less heat transfer rate by convective than conductive through magnifying magnetic field and nanoparticles’ concentration. Nanofluid constructed by Cu–H2O produces more drag force and less heat transfer rate than that of Cu–C3H8O2. Heat transfer from solar energy is applicable for cooking, heating water and producing electricity.