Abstract
This paper discusses the three-dimensional flow of the gyrotactic bioconvection of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a stretching surface. Theory of microorganisms is utilized to stabilize the suspended nanoparticles through bioconvection induced by the effects of buoyancy forces. Analytic solution for the governing nonlinear equations is obtained by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of involved parameters on velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, and density of motile microorganisms are discussed graphically. The local Nusselt, Sherwood, and motile microorganisms numbers are also analyzed graphically. Several known results have been pointed out as the particular cases of the present analysis. It is found that the non-Newtonian fluid parameters, i.e., relaxation time parameterβ1and retardation time parameterβ2, have opposite effects on the velocity profile. The velocity of the fluid and boundary layer thickness decreases for increasing relaxation time while it decreases for increasing retardation time effects.
Highlights
In recent years the significance of the study of nonNewtonian fluids has remarkably increased due to its applications in engineering, industry, and biological sciences, e.g., in material processing, food, and cosmetic industries [1]
We have considered the three-dimensional bioconvection flow of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid which contains self-impelled motile gyrotactic microorganisms, over a bidirectional stretching surface
We have considered the steady, incompressible threedimensional flow of an Oldroyed-B nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms past a stretching surface
Summary
In recent years the significance of the study of nonNewtonian fluids has remarkably increased due to its applications in engineering, industry, and biological sciences, e.g., in material processing, food, and cosmetic industries [1]. Buongiorno [30] extended the concept by considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis movement of nanoparticles in view of application in hybrid power engine, thermal management, heat exchanger, domestic refrigerators, etc. They have enhanced heat conduction power as compared to base fluids and are useful in cancer therapy and medicine. Nabwey et al [35] studied the group method analysis of mixed convection stagnation-point flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid over a vertical stretching surface. We have considered the three-dimensional bioconvection flow of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid which contains self-impelled motile gyrotactic microorganisms, over a bidirectional stretching surface. The effects of involved physical parameters on the flow fields are analyzed with the help of graphs
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