HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF STEADY AND UNSTEADY NANOFLUID FLOW OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH DOUBLE STRATIFICATION

Abstract

Attention is focused on heat and mass transfer by a stretched surface over a nanofluid in a steady and unsteady state in the presence of a magnetic field, thermal stratification, and solutal stratification. The proper partial differential equations governing the boundary-layer flow, heat and mass transfer are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using the similarity variable technique and solved numerically by using the Galerkin finite-element method. A parametric analysis of all pertinent parameters is carried out and a descriptive set of numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles as well as the skin-friction parameter, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number is demonstrated through graphs and tables. It is determined that temperature profiles deteriorate as thermal stratification parameter St increases, furthermore, the concentration profiles also decline when solutal stratification parameter Sm increases.