Abstract
Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) are known to be associated with significant heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) and PLMS with arousals are associated with a higher degree of autonomic activation. PLMS are also known to be associated with statistically significant transient rises in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Such repetitive abnormal HR and BP rises can play a role in increased cardiovascular risk in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients with PLMS thus making PLMS a potential and an emerging cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. Hypertension, heart disease and stroke are suspected to be potential effects of PLMS. PLMS are embedded in the general sleep oscillatory pattern involving not only the motor system but also the autonomic function, cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activities, the respiratory system, and several other functions too. This chapter will review the present data available to establish the complex relationship of PLMS with HR and BP.
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