Abstract
AbstractClimate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF – a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
Highlights
Our civilisation reached the Anthropocene when the activities of Homo sapiens became the dominant influence on climate and the environment
Predictions of its effects came from internationally active scientists like Alexander von Humboldt and Ernst Haeckel, who developed the concepts of ecology and ecosystems
Fauna and flora are on the move, bringing microbial organisms with them into virgin territory
Summary
Cite this article: Evengård B, Destouni G, Kalantari Z, Albihn A, Björkman C, Bylund H, Jenkins E, Koch A, Kukarenko N, Leibovici D, Lemmityinen J, Menshakova M, Mulvad G, Nilsson LM, Omazic A, Pshenichnaya N, Quegan S, Rautio A, Revich B, Rydén P, Sjöstedt A, Tokarevich N, Thierfelder T, and Orlov D. Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health: Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic. The Nordic Centre of Excellence, Clinf.org (Climatechange effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and the impacts on Northern societies).
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