Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the first most common cancer in males and the third most common cancer in females in Saudi Arabia. Dietary habits are strongly associated with the inhibition or proliferation of malignancy. Therefore, this study is aiming to investigate the risks and protective benefits of dietary factors affecting CRC in the Mecca region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted from June 2014 to March 2015. One hundred thirty-seven patients with colon and/or rectal cancer were recruited in the case group, while 164 healthy participants were recruited in the control group. A questionnaire was completed with the help of trained dietitians to study the effects of several dietary patterns on the risk of CRC.ResultsDairy product intake of 1–5 servings/day, legume intake of 3–5 servings/week, leafy vegetables intake of 1–5 servings/week, olive oil intake of 1–5 servings/week, black tea intake of three or more cups/day, and coffee intake of one or more cups/day was found to decrease the risk of CRC in participants.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of changing dietary habits to decrease CRC incidence in the Mecca region.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first most common cancer in males and the third most common cancer in females in Saudi Arabia
The inclusion criteria for the case group were Saudi nationality and CRC diagnosed in any region of the colon and/or rectum, whereas the exclusion criteria were people younger than 40 years of age and older than 75 years of age as well as patients diagnosed with other types of cancer
Results showed that consumption of dairy products and legumes were different (P < 0.05) between participants in the control and the CRC groups
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first most common cancer in males and the third most common cancer in females in Saudi Arabia. This study is aiming to investigate the risks and protective benefits of dietary factors affecting CRC in the Mecca region of Saudi Arabia. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death. It was responsible for approximately 70,000 deaths worldwide in 2012, according to World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. In Saudi Arabia, CRC has been reported to be the most common cancer in males and the third most common cancer in females, regardless of the age group, as it was diagnosed in 10.4% of all new Saudi cancer cases [3]. Determining the risk factors related to CRC is a crucial matter
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