Health-Related Quality of Life Improvements in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Derived from a Digital Therapeutic Plus Tele-Health Coaching Intervention: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Faiz Khan,Raja Malkani,Yash Chathampally,Nora Granville

doi:10.2196/23868

Abstract

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune disease with no known cure, remains poorly understood and patients suffer from many gaps in care. Recent work has suggested that dietary and other lifestyle factors play an important role in triggering and propagating SLE in some susceptible individuals. However, the magnitude of influence of these triggers, how to identify pertinent triggers in individual patients, and whether removing these triggers confers clinical benefit is unknown.ObjectiveTo demonstrate that a digital therapeutic intervention, utilizing a mobile app that allows self-tracking of dietary, environmental, and lifestyle triggers, paired with telehealth coaching, added to usual care, improves quality of life in patients with SLE compared with usual care alone.MethodsIn this randomized controlled pilot study, adults with SLE were assigned to a 16-week digital therapeutic intervention plus usual care or usual care alone. Primary outcome measures were changes from baseline to 16 weeks on 3 validated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) tools: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), and Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL).ResultsA total of 50 patients were randomized (23 control, 27 intervention). In per-protocol analysis, the intervention group achieved significantly greater improvement than the control group in 9 of 11 domains: FACIT-F (34% absolute improvement for the intervention group vs –1% for the control group, P<.001), BPI-SF-Pain Interference (25% vs 0%, P=.02), LupusQoL-Planning (17% vs 0%, P=.004), LupusQoL-Pain (13% vs 0%, P=.004), LupusQoL-Emotional Health (21% vs 4%, P=.02), and LupusQoL-Fatigue (38% vs 13%, P<.001) were significant when controlling for multiple comparisons; BPI-SF-Pain Severity (13% vs –6%, P=.049), LupusQoL-Physical Health (17% vs 3%, P=.049), and LupusQoL-Burden to Others (33% vs 4%, P=.04) were significant at an unadjusted 5% significance level.ConclusionsA digital therapeutic intervention that pairs self-tracking with telehealth coaching to identify and remove dietary, environmental, and lifestyle symptom triggers resulted in statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL when added to usual care in patients with SLE.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03426384; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03426384

Highlights

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, complex autoimmune disease of unclear etiology affecting at least 1.5 million Americans and 5 million worldwide [1]
In per-protocol analysis, the intervention group achieved significantly greater improvement than the control group in 9 of 11 domains: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) (34% absolute improvement for the intervention group vs –1% for the control group, P
A digital therapeutic intervention that pairs self-tracking with telehealth coaching to identify and remove dietary, environmental, and lifestyle symptom triggers resulted in statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) when added to usual care in patients with SLE

Summary

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, complex autoimmune disease of unclear etiology affecting at least 1.5 million Americans and 5 million worldwide [1]. While 5-year survival rates have increased dramatically from 50% to 90% [3,4], patients with SLE still have significantly higher age-standardized mortality rates [5] and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than the general population [6]. It has recently been reported that SLE is the leading cause of death among chronic inflammatory diseases in women aged 15-24, with death rates exceeding those of HIV and diabetes [9]. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune disease with no known cure, remains poorly understood and patients suffer from many gaps in care. The magnitude of influence of these triggers, how to identify pertinent triggers in individual patients, and whether removing these triggers confers clinical benefit is unknown

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Discussion

Conclusion