Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat, which is being acknowledged at several levels, including research, clinical implementation, regulation, as well as by the World Health Organization. In the field of oral health, however, the issue of antibiotic resistances, as well as of accurate diagnosis, is underrepresented. Oral diseases in general were ranked third in terms of expenditures among the EU-28 member states in 2015. Yet, the diagnosis and patient management of oral infections, in particular, still depend primarily on empiric means. On the contrary, on the global scale, the field of medical infections has more readily adopted the integration of molecular-based systems in the diagnostic, patient management, and antibiotic stewardship workflows. In this perspective review, we emphasize the clinical significance of supporting in the future antibiotic resistance screening in dental practice with novel integrated and point-of-care operating tools that can greatly support the rapid, accurate, and efficient administration of oral antibiotics.
Highlights
Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat, which is being acknowledged at several levels, including research, clinical implementation, regulation, as well as by the World Health Organization
antibiotic resistances (ABRs) genes are readily found in the oral microbiome, even in individuals not recently exposed to antibiotics, including humans in isolated indigenous populations, and in commensal bacteria, pathogens
We considered the clinical importance of antibiotics in the dental practice, this perspective review, wethe considered the complications clinical importance of antibiotics in the dental whenInrationally prescribed, and related health and economic consequences when practice, when rationally prescribed, and the related health complications and economic misused, which still remains too frequent
Summary
Oral infections represent the most prevalent chronic diseases, with more than a billion cases globally. Severe tooth loss accounts for 67% of global productivity losses due to dental diseases, followed by severe periodontitis (21%) and untreated caries (12%) [2]. Periodontitis affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth, whereas dental caries affect dental hard tissues, causing tooth decay. These are the two most prevalent oral diseases, which may lead to progressive loss of the bone and soft tissue. Prophylactic antibiotic prescription was considered imperative for the prevention of infective endocarditis in high-risk patients undergoing invasive dental treatment. The most commonly used antibiotics in dental prophylactic and treatment procedures are amoxicillin, metronidazole, and clindamycin
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