Health service access and quality of care provided by the Western NSW Local Health District Virtual Rural Generalist Service: a retrospective analysis of linked administrative data.

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To evaluate the quantity and quality of medical care provided by the Western NSW Local Health District Virtual Rural Generalist Service (VRGS). Retrospective cohort study; analysis of emergency department and administrative hospital data. Twenty-nine rural or remote hospitals in the Western NSW Local Health District at which the VRGS was providing medical care in the emergency department (ED) and/or inpatient setting. The VRGS was providing predominantly virtual medical support when local doctors needed relief or were unavailable, typically for lower acuity ED presentations and scheduled inpatient ward rounds. All patients who presented or were admitted to a Western NSW Local Health District hospital serviced by the VRGS between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2022. Treatment completions, transfers, ED departure within 4 hours, length of stay, and hospital mortality. During 2021-22, 34% of ED presentations (13 660/39 701) and 40% of admissions (2531/6328) involved VRGS care. For ED presentations, after adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical factors, patients attended by VRGS doctors had higher odds of not waiting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.69; 95% CI, 2.79-4.89), lower odds of transfer to another hospital (aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60-0.72) and slightly lower odds of ED departure within 4 hours (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98) when compared with patients not attended by VRGS doctors (ie, those provided usual care). For admissions, after adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical factors, inpatients attended exclusively by VRGS doctors had higher odds of discharging at their own risk (3.33; 95% CI, 1.98-5.61) and lower odds of being a long stay outlier (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35-0.74) when compared with inpatients not attended by VRGS doctors. The odds of inpatient mortality were equivalent when comparing VRGS and non-VRGS care (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.48-1.28) and when comparing combined (VRGS and non-VRGS) and non-VRGS care (aOR 1.21; 95% CI, 0.91-1.61). In the current environment of rural medical workforce shortages, the VRGS achieved similar outcomes on routinely collected measures of quality of care. It is demonstrably an option for complementing and enhancing the delivery of medical care in rural and remote communities with limited or no local medical services.