Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the health risk of pesticide residues via dietary intake of vegetables collected from four top agro-based markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh. High performance liquid chromatography with a photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was used to determine six organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, parathion, ethion, acephate, fenthion), two carbamate (carbaryl and carbofuran) and one pyrethroid (cypermethrin) pesticide residues in twelve samples of three common vegetables (tomato, lady’s finger and brinjal). Pesticide residues ranged from below detectable limit (<0.01) to 0.36 mg/kg. Acephate, chlorpyrifos, ethion, carbaryl and cypermethrin were detected in only one sample, while co-occurrence occurred twice for fenitrothion and parathion. Apart from chlorpyrifos in tomato and cypermethrin in brinjal, all pesticide residues exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Hazard risk index (HRI) for ethion (10.12) and carbaryl (1.09) was found in lady’s finger and tomato, respectively. Rest of the pesticide residues were classified as not a health risk. A continuous monitoring and strict regulation should be enforced regarding control of pesticide residues in vegetables and other food commodities.
Highlights
Farmers around the world use different types of pesticides including organochlorines, organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, fungicides and herbicides against the possibility of a devastating crop loss from pests and diseases, as well as to increase agricultural productivity to provide adequate food supply for the increasing world population
High performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was used to determine the concentration of pesticide residues in vegetables and hazard risk index (HRI) was calculated from the obtained results and other statistics
One brinjal sample was found contaminated with cypermethrin and the concentration of pesticide residue found in the present study was higher than those found in other studies [30,35]
Summary
Farmers around the world use different types of pesticides including organochlorines, organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, fungicides and herbicides against the possibility of a devastating crop loss from pests and diseases, as well as to increase agricultural productivity to provide adequate food supply for the increasing world population. Pesticide use has been associated with several concerns, including the potential risks to human health from both occupational and nonoccupational exposures, the death of farm animals and alteration of the local environment [3]. Many of these compounds can cause moderate to severe respiratory and neurological damage or act as genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic agents, endocrine disruption, etc., through routes that include consumption of dietary residues [4,5,6]. High performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was used to determine the concentration of pesticide residues in vegetables and HRI was calculated from the obtained results and other statistics
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