Abstract
Corbicula fluminea serves as traditional food to the local people in Kelantan, Malaysia. Concerns regarding river contamination, smoking method, and associated adverse effects on public health had been increasing. Hence, this study aims to measure the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and assess human health risk in C. fluminea consumption at Kelantan. Heavy-metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while human health risk was assessed using provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI). The estimated weekly intake (EWI) for all metals was found within PTWI, while THQ for Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn was 0.12, 0.06, 0.04, 0.41, and 0.03, respectively. The HI was calculated at 0.61 which is less than 1, considered as the safe consumption level. Therefore, C. fluminea consumption in this study was found safe from the health risk of noncarcinogenic effect over a lifetime.
Highlights
Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) is known as “Etak” at Kelantan, Malaysia. e local people consume C. fluminea since a very long time ago, especially smoked C. fluminea as their favourite
Heavy-metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while human health risk was assessed using provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI). e estimated weekly intake (EWI) for all metals was found within PTWI, while THQ for Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn was 0.12, 0.06, 0.04, 0.41, and 0.03, respectively. e HI was calculated at 0.61 which is less than 1, considered as the safe consumption level. erefore, C. fluminea consumption in this study was found safe from the health risk of noncarcinogenic effect over a lifetime
This research aims to determine the selected heavymetal level in C. fluminea soft tissue that is sold in the streets and assess the human health risk. ese selected heavy metals and their effects on human health are of great concern based on the previous studies [5, 15,16,17]. e health risk assessment is carried out on the ready-to-eat C. fluminea sold along the roadside. e provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were used to evaluate the health risk
Summary
Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) is known as “Etak” at Kelantan, Malaysia. e local people consume C. fluminea since a very long time ago, especially smoked C. fluminea as their favourite. Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) is known as “Etak” at Kelantan, Malaysia. C. fluminea sellers can generate up to 600 USD/month [1]. Different countries have different ways to cook C. fluminea. Is can be shown in the Philippines where C. fluminea is consumed raw-pickled or cooked in soup [2]. In Kelantan, the local people consume C. fluminea in many cooking methods, including the smoke method, sun-drying method, and frying method [1]. Among these cooking methods, the smoke method is the most popular method. E local people consume the smoked C. fluminea while they are watching television, studying, and chatting with friends The smoke method is the most popular method. e local people consume the smoked C. fluminea while they are watching television, studying, and chatting with friends
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