Abstract
BackgroundAlthough elderly Iranian immigrants in Sweden are the largest elderly group born outside Europe, little is known about their health-related quality of life (HRQL). The aim of this study was to examine the association between migration status and HRQL in a comparison of elderly Iranians in Iran, elderly Iranian immigrants in Sweden, and elderly Swedes in Sweden.MethodsThe Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered to a total of 625 men and women aged 60–84 years to collect HRQL information on elderly Iranians in Sweden (n = 176) and elderly Iranians in Iran (n = 298). A Swedish control group (n = 151) was also randomly selected from the general population. Multiple linear regression procedures were applied to analyze data while adjusting for age, which was categorized into 60–69, and 70–84 years, and education.ResultsIranian women in Sweden with shorter times of residence scored lower on vitality (β-coefficient = -7.9, 95% CI = -14.3 to -1.5) compared with other women in this study. The lower vitality dimension score remained nearly unchanged in the main model (β-coefficient = -7.3, 95% CI = -13.7 to -0.9). A longer period of residence in Sweden had a positive association with social functioning (β-coefficient = 14.1, 95% CI = 3.1–25.1) and role limitation due to emotional problems (β-coefficient = 18.3, 95% CI = 1.4–35.2) among elderly Iranian women. In general, the Swedish subsample scores higher on all dimensions of the SF-36 among women and in six out of eight among men in relation to the rest of the subsamples.ConclusionThe HRQL of elderly Iranians in Sweden was more like that of their countrymen in Iran than that of Swedes, who reported a better HRQL than Iranians in this study. However, length of time since migration to Sweden is not associated with poorer HRQL among elderly Iranians. The association varied, however, with sex. Elderly Iranian women showed an increase in two of eight dimensions of the SF-36 with additional years in Sweden, whereas, among elderly Iranian men, additional years in Sweden were not associated with HRQL.
Highlights
Elderly Iranian immigrants in Sweden are the largest elderly group born outside Europe, little is known about their health-related quality of life (HRQL)
This study was aimed at bridging the gap in knowledge by examining whether there is an association between migration status, i.e. being an elderly Iranian in Iran, an elderly Iranian immigrant in Sweden, or an elderly Swede in Sweden, and the health-related quality of life
Among elderly Iranian men, additional years in Sweden were not associated with HRQL
Summary
Elderly Iranian immigrants in Sweden are the largest elderly group born outside Europe, little is known about their health-related quality of life (HRQL). Despite the fact that the elderly Iranian immigrants in Sweden are the largest elderly group born outside of Europe [1], research findings on their health-related quality of life (HRQL) are scarce This is an important public health issue because the proportion of elderly immigrants in Sweden is increasing and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among older people [2,3]. A small number of studies have investigated the health of elderly immigrants in Sweden and shown that foreign-born elderly individuals report poorer health than native-born ones [9,10] These findings raise the question of whether the observed health disadvantages among elderly immigrants reflect differences in the underlying health status of people from the country of origin, in the new country, or are related to the time of residence in the new country. We studied this question comparing two groups of older Iranian immigrants with shorter and longer times of residence in Sweden with similar, non-migrant Iranians in Iran and the general aging population in Sweden
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