Health-related quality of life among Thai children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate: a qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Having cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) can be challenging for children and adolescents and appears to impact their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, there is limited empirical work in this field, demonstrating a need for further exploration of qualitative research, especially with children and adolescents with CLP in Thailand. Objectives: To explore the HRQoL perceptions of Thai children and adolescents with CLP. Materials and methods: The present study was a qualitative approach. Eight children and adolescents with CLP, ages 9 to 14, were selected at the speech therapy clinic at Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview guideline. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) physical well-being, (2) psycho-emotional well-being, (3) social well-being, and (4) school functioning. Five subthemes further described this experience: communicative competence; teasing or bullying; self-perception and self-esteem; family and friend support; and difficulties in academic performance. Each theme was described with illustrative quotes. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a more thorough picture of HRQoL in children and adolescents with CLP. They have communicative competence, psycho-emotional well-being, social functioning, and school functioning issues rather than significant physical symptoms. Professionals should continue intervening as part of an interdisciplinary strategy to avoid or at least lessen negative effects on these children and adolescents with CLP.