Health reception policies for asylum-seeking and refugee children in the Nordic countries

Abstract

Abstract Background Health reception policies of asylum seekers have become an important part of welfare policy in the Nordic countries. The reception phase seems to have important consequences for the asylum seekers' future health, and addressing health needs early on is instrumental in facilitating individual rehabilitation, integration, educational achievement and labour market participation. Offering health assessment upon arrival may not only benefit the individual but also the society at large. Methods The material used in the study was obtained through desk research and combines national laws, acts, regulations, policy documents, national guidelines, research papers and evaluation reports to outline and compare Nordic reception polices and policy development from 1980-2018. Results Health reception of asylum seekers has changed considerably over time and varies according to national and local policies of the receiving country. There have been significant differences across the Nordic countries both with respect to coverage and type of health assessments. However, findings suggest a common overarching focus on infectious disease control and acute healthcare needs. Infectious disease control still seems to be a major component of today's health reception, whereas mental health has been a less frequent component in the reception. Conclusions The Nordic countries share similarities and differences in their development and implementation of health reception policies. Health reception policies and initiatives in the Nordic countries have changed considerably over time in relation to several factors, including perceived risk of infectious diseases, number of asylum seekers, as well as economic, political and societal factors. Further research is needed on whether and how these policies are carried out in practice, and to explore the effects and outcomes of these policies.