Abstract
Cyclitols play a particularly important role in cell functioning because they are involved in ion channel physiology, phosphate storage, signal transduction, cell wall formation, membrane biogenesis, osmoregulation and they have antioxidant activity. They are involved in the cell membranes as a phosphatidyl myo-inositol, an inositol triphosphate precursor, which acts as a transmitter that regulates the activity of several hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, and insulin. The aim of this paper is to characterize the selected cyclitols: myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol in type-2 metabolic syndrome and diabetes treatment. Results and discussion: Cyclitols have certain clinical applications in the treatment of metabolic syndromes and are considered to be an option as a dietary supplement for the treatment or prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and type-2 diabetes. Improved metabolic parameters observed after using cyclitols, like myo-inositol, in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and type-2 diabetes suggest that they may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Pinitol, together with myo-inositol,maybe responsible for improving lipid profiles by reducing serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Pinitol is also well-researched and documented for insulin-like effects. Myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol indicate a number of therapeutic and health-promoting properties.
Highlights
Improved metabolic parameters observed after inositol treatment in the PCOS and T2DM suggest that these compounds may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system [10,11]
Deficiencies or abnormalities in inositol metabolism interfere with glucose uptake, cause defects in areas associated with insulin resistance and long-term microvascular complications associated with diabetes [17]
D-pinitol occurs in plants in the form of two DP is a DCI methyl ether, which can be found in large amounts in soybean and legume foods
Summary
The beneficial effects of many natural substances in plant products on the human body have been known for centuries. Cyclitols are attracting increasing attention because they are widespread in the world of plants and have a wide range of biological activities. They play a important role in cell functioning because they are involved in signal transduction, membrane biogenesis, cell wall formation, ion channel physiology, phosphate storage, osmoregulation, have antioxidant activity and are one of the compatible soluble substances that are formed in the plant in response to salt or water stress [2,3]. These chemical compounds exist in nine possible stereoisomers. The various functions that these two isomers perform in tissues are reflected by their diversified distribution and different concentrations actively maintained in cells [8,9]. Improved metabolic parameters observed after inositol treatment in the PCOS and T2DM suggest that these compounds may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system [10,11]
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