Abstract
Purpose: The review aimed to find the best evidence on the relationship between health literacy, self-care behavior and perceived quality of life (QoL) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Searching engines included Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Pro Quest, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, Wiley on Line Library, and Science Direct electronic databases from 2010 to 2018. Fifteen research articles assessed the main variables and their associations with demographic and clinical variables. Results: Different methodologies and samples were analyzed: analytic descriptive, systematic review, a randomized control trial, retrospective cohort, a prospective Cohort, cross-sectional, and correlational designs. The fifteen studies showed that the patients with ACS have inadequate health literacy. Patients’ ability to understand basic and complex information or to accurately assess health risks was impaired and may hinder patients’ engagement in self-care. Low HL in patients having ACS is consistently associated with poor QoL. Physical domain of QoL remained the significant outcome of both self-care behavior and health literacy after adjusting for demographics and clinical variables in patients with ACS. Conclusion: The literature pointed to the importance of considering health literacy and self-care behaviors as predictors of quality of life among patients with ACS. However, there has been no previous evidence on the best process of the association between these three variables.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of diseases that impact both the heart and blood vessels including coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
The review aimed to find the best evidence on the relationship between health literacy, self-care behavior and perceived quality of life (QoL) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
Acute coronary syndrome is a subcategory of CAD [1] that includes ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) [2]
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of diseases that impact both the heart and blood vessels including coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Acute coronary syndrome is a subcategory of CAD [1] that includes ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) [2]. Death rates reached the highest after hospital discharge: 68% for STEMI, 86% for NSTEMI, and 97% for unstable angina [3]. Patients with ACS have the highest risk of adverse outcomes such as death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) readmission or heart failure during follow-up [4]. ACS almost always presents with a symptom, such as unstable angina, and is commonly linked with myocardial infarction (MI) [5]. Evidence-based guidelines and health-system quality core measures should be considered to improve health outcome of patients with cardiovascular diseases [8]
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