Abstract
This paper aimed to estimate health risks focusing on respiratory diseases from exposure to gaseous multi-pollutants based on new data and revealed new evidence after the most stringent air pollution control plan in Beijing which was carried out in 2013. It used daily respiratory diseases outpatient data from a hospital located in Beijing with daily meteorological data and monitor data of air pollutants from local authorities. All data were collected from 2014 to 2016. Distributed lag non-linear model was employed. Results indicated that NO2 and CO had positive association with outpatients number on the day of the exposure (1.045 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003, 1.089) for CO and 1.022 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.036) for NO2) (and on the day after the exposure (1.026 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.048) for CO and 1.013 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.021) for NO2). Relative risk (RR) generally declines with the number of lags; ozone produces significant effects on the first day (RR = 0.993 (95% CI: 0.989, 0.998)) as well as second day (RR = 0.995 (95% CI: 0.991, 0.999)) after the exposure, while particulate pollutants did not produce significant effects. Effects from the short-term exposure to gaseous pollutants were robust after controlling for particulate matters. Our results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the dependencies between the change of air pollutants concentration and their health effects in Beijing after the implementation of promising air regulations in 2013. Results of the study can be used to develop relevant measures minimizing the adverse health consequences of air pollutants and supporting sustainable development of Beijing as well as other rapidly growing Asian cities.
Highlights
In recent years, China has experienced severe air pollution problems [1,2,3,4]
Satellite and ground observations show that the concentrations of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants have become extremely high in northern China over recent decades [5,6,7]
The purpose is to show that unlike stated in several previous papers, our results indicate that gaseous purpose is to show that unlike stated in several previous papers, our results indicate that gaseous pollutants in combination with particulate matters still had significant health effects
Summary
China has experienced severe air pollution problems [1,2,3,4]. Located in the highly developed area of northern China, Beijing has a serious air pollution problem and public health is threatened [2,5,8,9]. To respond to the raising public health concerns and air pollution, “Action Plan for Air Pollution. It required Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area to reduce its concentration of PM2.5 by 25% in 2017 compared to its 2013 levels, and the annual concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing should be kept around 60 μg/m3 [10]. The detailed plans have included closing unqualified industries, restructuring and relocating factories [11]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
