Abstract
Introduction: The tram is one of the safest modes of transport in urban areas. It is associated with low numbers of traffic incidents, air pollution, noise emissions, and increments in physical activity. Barcelona, Spain, is proposing to extend their tram system, by connecting two main lanes to create an expanded tram network. This health impact assessment (HIA) aims to estimate the potential health risks and benefits of the new tram network in Barcelona, Spain. Methods: A quantitative HIA was performed, accompanied with stakeholders interviews. Measurements of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) inside of the car, tram, and among pedestrians were performed. Traffic fatalities by mode of transport were collected from city records and the risk of fatality per km traveled by mode were estimated. Physical activity was estimated based on the metabolic equivalent of task for each activity and mode of transport. As a secondary analysis, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction by the substitutio...
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