Health economic consequences of the use of irbesartan in patients in Germany with type 2 diabetes, nephropathy and hypertension

Abstract

The "Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial" (IDNT), demonstrated a reduction in the combined endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death compared to control or amlodipine arms in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy when treated with irbesartan. Aim of this study is to compare long-term consequences in costs and outcomes of IDNT treatment alternatives from the German health care system's perspective. A Markov model simulated progression from overt nephropathy to doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, and death in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy for the three treatment arms. Treatment-specific probabilities were derived from IDNT. German-specific ESRD-related data were retrieved from published sources to reflect local management practices, ESRD outcomes and costs. A time horizon of 10 years was used. Delay in onset of ESRD and mean costs per patient were calculated. Future costs were discounted at 5 % per annum. The cumulative incidence of ESRD after 10 years with irbesartan (36 %) is lower compared to amlodipine (49 %) or control (45 %). Irbesartan leads to cost savings of 14 424 EUR and 8 720 EUR per patient versus amlodipine or control respectively. Treating patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and nephropathy using irbesartan lowers the cumulative incidence of ESRD and is cost-saving compared to amlodipine or control.