Health disparities among illegal immigrants and homeless people in the USA: a struggle within

Abstract

Undocumented immigrants in the United States face significant barriers in accessing healthcare services, which contribute to health disparities. This population is often affected by homelessness due to limited access to affordable housing, limited employment opportunities, language barriers, fear of deportation, and lack of social support. Homelessness and the fear of deportation can lead to stress, anxiety, and physical illness among undocumented immigrants, highlighting the need for healthcare services tailored to their unique needs. Access to healthcare is further hindered by a lack of health insurance coverage, financial constraints, language and cultural barriers, and the ineligibility for public health insurance schemes. Undocumented immigrants who are homeless encounter additional challenges, including difficulties in accessing resources, navigating the healthcare system, and facing societal discrimination. This article focuses on the barriers faced by undocumented migrants in the United States regarding healthcare access and proposes feasible solutions to promote health equity and advance universal health coverage in the country. The absence of health coverage for undocumented migrants undermines the concept of universal healthcare in the USA, as it excludes a significant portion of the population from accessing essential healthcare services. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive immigration reform and policies that ensure impartial access to healthcare. Practical solutions include establishing culturally competent care, implementing mobile clinics or street medicine programs, fostering collaborative relationships with nonprofit organizations, advocating for policies safeguarding the rights of undocumented immigrants, and enhancing data collection techniques.