Health, crime, and the labor market: Theory and policy analysis

Abstract

Better health improves labor market outcomes, and better labor market outcomes discourage individuals from engaging in criminal behavior. Therefore, health insurance policies would affect labor market outcomes and criminal behavior. To explain the mechanism and the impact, we build an equilibrium search model of health, crime, and the labor market. We then use the model to conduct policy experiments and quantify their impacts on the economy. The calibrated model shows that the Medicare-for-all and the Employer Mandate under the Affordable Care Act would increase the aggregate output by more than 10%. However, while Medicare-for-all reduces the crime rate and inequality, the Employer Mandate increases both. Furthermore, policy effects vary by individual’s skill and health status.