Abstract
BackgroundChronic conditions are increasingly more common and negatively impact quality of life, disability, morbidity, and mortality. Health coaching has emerged as a possible intervention to help individuals with chronic conditions adopt health supportive behaviors that improve both quality of life and health outcomes.Methods/designWe planned a systematic review and meta-analysis of the contemporary health coaching literature published in the last decade to evaluate the effect of health coaching on clinically important, disease-specific, functional, and behavioral outcomes. We will include randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that compared health coaching to alternative interventions or usual care. To enable adoption of effective interventions, we aim to explore how the effect of intervention is modified by the intervention components, delivering personnel (i.e., health professionals vs trained lay or peer persons), dose, frequency, and setting. Analysis of intervention outcomes will be reported and classified using an existing theoretical framework, the Theory of Patient Capacity, to identify the areas of patients’ capacity to access and use healthcare and enact self-care where coaching may be an effective intervention.DiscussionThis systematic review and meta-analysis will identify and synthesize evidence to inform the practice of health coaching by providing evidence on components and characteristics of the intervention essential for success in individuals with chronic health conditions.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42016039730Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0316-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Chronic conditions are increasingly more common and negatively impact quality of life, disability, morbidity, and mortality
Aim We aim to explore clinically important outcomes of health coaching interventions for persons with chronic conditions applying a broad conceptual definition of health coaching and including peer and lay-health coaching interventions
This review further aims to identify the characteristics of coaching delivery that make it most effective for individuals with chronic conditions by identifying the ideal coaching duration, frequency, delivery format and coach qualifications, involvement of the primary care provider, for individuals or subsets of individuals with chronic conditions
Summary
Chronic conditions are increasingly more common and negatively impact quality of life, disability, morbidity, and mortality. Health coaching has emerged as a possible intervention to help individuals with chronic conditions adopt health supportive behaviors that improve both quality of life and health outcomes. Chronic conditions represent a growing public health problem throughout the world. Multiple chronic conditions will affect 3 in 4 Americans 65 and older [2, 3]. Chronic conditions decrease quality of life, increase disability, increase morbidity and mortality, and increase healthcare costs. Health coaching has emerged as a widely adopted intervention to help individuals with chronic conditions adopt health supportive behaviors that improve both. Commonalities include the core assumption that people have an innate capacity to grow and develop; a focus on constructing solutions; and a focus on goal attainment processes [4]
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