Health Care Utilization and Costs in Lung Cancer Screening Participants—A Propensity-Matched Economic Analysis

Abstract

IntroductionLung cancer screening (LCS) for high-risk populations has been firmly established to reduce lung cancer mortality, but concerns exist regarding unintended downstream costs. MethodsMean health care utilization and costs were compared in the Alberta Lung Cancer Screening Study in a cohort undergoing LCS versus a propensity-matched control group who did not. ResultsA cohort of 651 LCS participants was matched to 336 unscreened controls. Over the study period (mean 3.6 y), a modest increase in the number of claims (22.4 versus 21.9 per person-year [PY]; Δ 0.50 [95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.86], p = 0.006) and outpatient visits (4.01 versus 3.50 per PY; Δ 0.51 [0.37–0.65], p <0.0001), but not in inpatient admissions, was noted in the screened cohort. Claims payments, inpatient costs, and cancer care costs were similar in the screening arm versus the unscreened. Outpatient encounter costs per participant were higher in the screened group ($2662.18 versus $2040.67 per PY; Δ −$621.51 [−1118.05 to −124.97], p = 0.014). Removing the additional computed tomography screening examinations rendered differences not significant. Mean total costs were not significantly different at $6461.10 per PY in the screening group and $6125.31 in the unscreened group (Δ −$335.79 [−2009.65 to 1338.07], p = 0.69). ConclusionsModest increases in outpatient costs are noted in individuals undergoing LCS, in part attributable to the screening examinations, without differences in overall health care costs. Health care costs and utilization seem otherwise similar in individuals participating in LCS and those who do not.