Health Care Use and Associated Time and Out of Pocket Expenditures for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease in a Publicly Funded Health Care System

Abstract

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to describe (1) health care use and associated patient time and out of pocket (OOP) costs over 2 years after a cardiac diagnosis, (2) the sociodemographic and clinical drivers of these costs, and (3) patient costs related to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation. MethodsSecondary analysis was conducted in an observational prospective CR program evaluation cohort in Ontario, which has a publicly funded health care system. A convenience sample of patients from 1 of 3 CR programs was approached at the first visit, and consenting participants completed a survey. Participants were e-mailed surveys again 6 months and 1 and 2 years later; these later surveys assessed their cardiac care and medications and the time and OOP costs associated with care visits. Patient time was valued based on average wages in Ontario. ResultsOf 411 consenting patients, 240 (58.3%) completed CR, and 192 (46.7%) were retained at 2 years. Patients most often visited a general practitioner and had electrocardiography and treatment for angina. The total cost to patients over 2 years was CAD$73.70 ± $275.84 for time and $377.01 ± $321.72 for OOP costs ($525.93 ± $467.08 overall). With adjustment, there were significantly higher OOP costs for women (P < 0.001) and less educated (P < 0.001) patients. Participants spent considerable money that was relatively OOP on CR visits alone ($384.78 ± $269.67), with time costs at $379.07 ± $1035.49 ($939.43 ± $1333.29 overall; 1.6% share of 1 year's income). ConclusionsIn conclusion, time and OOP costs are modest for patients with cardiac conditions, except for CR. Alternative delivery models are needed, in particular for low-income patients.