Abstract
Objectives: Recommendations on wholegrain (WG) consumption are widespread but rarely quantitative. This work attempted to systematically review published human studies to quantify the daily intake of WG associated to favourable health outcomes. Results related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type‐2 diabetes (T2D) are presented here.Methods: Databases were searched from 1993 to 2012. Retrieved papers were screened by 3 PhDs. Six articles were selected for each outcome. A meta‐analysis was done using multivariate‐adjusted risk ratios of CVD comparing highest and lowest WG intake levels. Then, meta‐regressions were performed on CVD and T2D rates relative to WG amounts by using a hierarchical mixed linear model.Results: First, we confirmed a significant inverse association between WG intake and CVD risk (overall RR = 0.84; p=0.004). Although quantitative meta‐regression failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between WG intake and CVD rate, a significant relationship was observed for T2D (p<0.0001), with an overall reduction of 0.03% in T2D incidence for each additional g of WG consumed daily.Conclusion: A significant association was observed between WG intake and T2D occurrence. Consuming 45 g/d of WG ingredients would decrease T2D risk by 21% as compared to consuming 7.5 g/d. This amount of WG, in line with current recommendations in North America, should be considered for recommendations.
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